Researching · Building · Securing

Gregory J. Ward

I build verifiable AI and cryptographic systems and prove they work outside the lab. Most recently: zero-knowledge and post-quantum verifiers executed in Bitcoin Script on the BSV mainnet.

Research Engineer · CTO / CDO, SmartLedger · CompTIA Security+ · AI Systems Builder · Educator

$ whoami

Gregory J. Ward
Research Engineer · CTO @ SmartLedger

$ cat focus.json

{
  "research": [
    "axiomatic models",
    "LLM training",
    "agent evaluation",
    "reinforcement environments"
  ],

  "security": [
    "tamper detection",
    "cryptographic integrity",
    "sandboxed AI agents"
  ],

  "systems": [
    "distributed computing",
    "agentic AI",
    "verifiable infrastructure"
  ],

  "cryptography": [
    "post-quantum signatures",
    "pairing + SNARK verifiers in BSV Script"
  ]
}

$ _
About

From security engineering to accountable AI.

My work sits where cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, cryptography, distributed systems, and experimental computation meet. I build systems that do more than produce outputs — they preserve evidence about how those outputs were produced.

24+ production-grade systems architected
4 cryptographic verifiers executed in Bitcoin Script on the BSV mainnet
2023 pay-per-answer AI micropayments, before the ChatGPT API
Security+ CompTIA certified since 2020
Flagship work

Hard problems, built end to end.

Four examples of the work I do: take a problem most people treat as impractical, build it end to end, and leave evidence anyone can check.

2026 · Applied cryptography

Zero-knowledge and post-quantum verifiers in Bitcoin Script

Problem
Verify modern proofs and signatures directly in layer-1 script, with no protocol change and no trusted off-chain verifier.
Built
RSA, BLS12-381 pairing, Groth16 and SLH-DSA verifiers written as BSV Script, plus an equivalence-proven superoptimizer for Script.
Result
All four executed on mainnet in ~1.25 MB transactions. The optimizer cut a 333 KB pairing script by 40%.
2026 · AI accountability

Verifiable records of what AI agents do

Problem
When an AI agent acts, there is usually no tamper-evident record of what it did, what it was given, or who approved it.
Built
Signed, Merkle-committed, timestamped histories of captured human–AI events: an open attestation spec, a Claude Code plugin, and an agent CLI that signs each tool call it runs with ML-DSA.
Result
A working toolchain, an open spec, and the ProofOfProcess.ai product, ahead of a category that is only now forming.
2025–2026 · Post-quantum cryptography

Post-quantum signing, from library to consensus

Problem
The signatures that secure blockchains and AI output today will not survive a large quantum computer.
Built
ML-DSA and SPHINCS+ hash chains, a Litecoin fork with ML-DSA-65 at consensus, and a multi-tenant LLM API that signs every response with ML-DSA.
Result
Post-quantum signing working at the library, application and consensus layers, and on BSV mainnet through an SLH-DSA verifier.
2023 · AI + payments

Pay-per-answer AI and AI-written smart contracts

Problem
Charge for AI one answer at a time, at sub-cent cost, and get an LLM to write code in a niche contract language it barely knows.
Built
MicropayAI, where each LLM answer triggers a HandCash BSV micropayment, and AutoScrypt, where GPT-3.5 writes sCrypt contracts using retrieval over the entire sCrypt codebase.
Result
Both built in early 2023: MicropayAI in February, weeks before the ChatGPT API launched.
Timeline

Ahead of the curve, repeatedly.

Selected milestones, dated by when each project began, often well before the wider industry got there.

Feb 2023
Pay-per-answer LLM micropayments

Each LLM answer triggers a sub-cent BSV micropayment, weeks before the ChatGPT API launched on March 1.

May 2023
Codebase retrieval for contract generation

GPT-3.5 writing sCrypt contracts with retrieval over the full sCrypt source, early in the LangChain wave.

Mar 2025
Post-quantum hash chains

Hash chains signed with SPHINCS+ and ML-DSA, within months of NIST finalizing FIPS 204 and 205.

Dec 2025
Verifier-gated code generation

LLM-written code in a small stack language, checked by a static verifier before it is allowed to run.

Jan 2026
ML-DSA-65 at consensus

A Litecoin fork with post-quantum signatures and multisig at consensus, while Bitcoin was still debating how to migrate.

May 2026
Adjustable ternary precision

Delta-sigma trit-stream weights that turn ternary precision into a dial set at inference time, extending BitNet b1.58.

Jun 2026
Certified optimization

A QUBO / Ising solver that emits optimality certificates checkable with plain arithmetic, applied to protein side-chain packing.

Sep 2026
Pairing and SNARK verifiers on mainnet

BLS12-381 pairing and Groth16 verification in layer-1 Bitcoin Script, confirmed in blocks 966795 and 966923.

Research

Building systems that can reason, act, and be tested.

Current work explores model reasoning, autonomous agents, reinforcement-style environments, continual adaptation, and computational discovery.

01 / AXIOMATIC MODELS

Axiomatic Model Training

Since December 2025, I have been investigating models that reason from explicit axioms, invariants, constraints, and falsifiable propositions rather than relying exclusively on unconstrained natural-language inference.

reasoning proof state counterexamples evaluation
02 / REINFORCEMENT

Reward-Modulated Agents

Experimental work with outcome-based reward, persistent memory, self-evaluation, sparse expert routing, localized learning, and reinforcement-style feedback loops.

reward REINFORCE top-k routing agents
03 / CONTINUAL LEARNING

Learning Transition Reuse

Testing whether useful parameter-update structure can be retained, compressed, and reused to accelerate later model adaptation across tasks and domains.

Wₜ → Wₜ₊₁ adaptation controls meta-learning
04 / COMPUTATIONAL DISCOVERY

Autonomous Scientific Search

Building systems that generate hypotheses, preserve invariants, run controlled experiments, search for counterexamples, and revise their theories from evidence.

automation mathematics science falsification
Featured experiment · Dec 2025 · ortho-ai

Training a transformer without backpropagation

Question
Can a transformer learn with Direct Feedback Alignment, where fixed random matrices send the error signal straight to each layer, instead of backpropagating it through the network?
Built
A PyTorch transformer trained end to end with DFA, using Performer FAVOR+ attention and an orthogonality loss, plus diagnostics that measure the cosine similarity between DFA updates and true backprop gradients, layer by layer.
Result
It trains on WikiText, and 221 tests pass. Early runs still trail backprop; the alignment diagnostics measure the gap directly, which is what the next round of work targets.
Cybersecurity

Security systems built around evidence.

My security work has evolved from file integrity and cryptographic event chains into AI-agent accountability, sandboxed execution, and independently verifiable process history.

2020
CompTIA Security+

Formal foundation in defensive security, risk, cryptography, network security, identity, and secure architecture.

CERTIHASH
Tamper-evident cybersecurity

Designed a system where file changes become signed fingerprints, are hash-chained, rolled into Merkle roots, and anchored for independent verification.

IBM
Enterprise implementation

Led the IBM engineering team during the first implementation of CertiHash and presented the architecture publicly in London.

2026
AI agent security

Current work includes sandboxed terminal agents, Kali Linux evaluation, constrained action spaces, permission boundaries, tamper monitoring, and agent accountability.

How I work

Evidence over claims.

01 / TEST

I try to break my own ideas

In August and September 2026 I ran falsification tests against my own earlier model-training ideas and rejected several of them. I keep the negative results on record alongside the positive ones.

02 / PROVE

Results anyone can check

Signed histories, on-chain anchors, equivalence proofs and certificates a third party can check without trusting me.

03 / SHIP

Research that leaves the lab

From leading the IBM team on the first CertiHash implementation to verifiers executed on mainnet, the work goes past the prototype.

“Don’t just ask whether an intelligent system produced the right result. Ask what it did, what evidence it used, what authority it had, and whether the process can be verified.”

Teaching & Communication

Technical ideas should be understandable.

I teach programming, artificial intelligence, prompt engineering, agent systems, blockchain, and computational thinking to beginners, developers, organizations, and technical teams.

LEARN

Coding

Programming fundamentals through advanced systems thinking for kids, adults, and working developers.

BUILD

Applied AI

Practical AI usage, prompt design, agent workflows, model integration, automation, and responsible deployment.

SPEAK

Technical Talks

Available for lectures, workshops, panels, research discussions, and technical strategy sessions.

Contact

Let’s build something difficult.

I’m open to research-engineering and technical-lead roles in AI, security and applied cryptography, and to consulting, teaching and speaking.

Gregory J. Ward

Research Engineer
CTO / CDO, SmartLedger
Founder, Codenlighten

Opens your email app with the message pre-filled.